Indonesia - Ports
Currently, in total there are over 1000 ports across the
archipelago. They can be categorised into:
- Commercial ports
- Non-commercial Ports
- Special ports, coal terminals and fishing harbours
Commercial ports :-
Commercial Port serve international and domestic sea transportation. They are
used mostly for commercial purposes that include container, cargo, car and
multipurpose terminals. These ports are managed by four state-owned port
operators known as the Pelindo I, II (or Indonesia Port Corporation/IPC), III
and IV (“Pelindos”). In total, they manage around 111 ports in Indonesia. From
the 111 ports, around 25 ports serve as a hub for international transportation.
These ports play an important part in Indonesia’s goal to become a hub between
international and domestic sea transportation. The largest Indonesian ports as
of today are located in: ·
Belawan in Medan ·
Tanjung Priok in Jakarta ·
Tanjung Perak in Surabaya ·
Makassar in South Sulawesi
For eastern Indonesia, Pelindo II is planning to develop a
port in Sorong in West Papua. It aims to be the trading gateway between
Indonesia and Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Non-commercial ports
:- Non-commercial ports are relatively small in size and are not equipped with
adequate port facilities for heavy trading activities. Based on data in 2009,
there are approximately 5337 non-commercial ports in the region. They are
managed by local government, regional owned port operators or private sector
companies. In the case of private sector managed ports, they are usually also
given licenses by central or local government to operate special ports for the
purpose of transporting goods/commodities between the port and transhipment
points.
Special Purpose Ports
:- Special Purpose ports are mostly dedicated for transport of commodities such
as oil and gas, coal, cement, fisheries and timber. Currently it is estimated
that there are 177 special ports across Indonesia.
Pelindos as the main
port operators –
Most of the busiest ports in Indonesia are operated by the
Pelindos – whether independently or through joint ventures with a private
operator. The total net revenue of the four Pelindos in 2013 represented
approximately 0.14% of Indonesian GDP with total combined revenue of USD 1.24
billion. This means that the Pelindos are a necessary link in the realisation
of the 2008 Shipping Law, as well as the Maritime Fulcrum objective.
Pelindo I :-
Pelindo I, operating in the Sumatra Island, is accountable
for 15 ports across the middle to the northern areas. Pelindo I covers the
north half of Sumatera, the Provinces within Pelindo I territorial area being
Nangroe Aceh Darussalam/Aceh, North Sumatera, Riau and Riau Islands with the
Special Economic Zone status of Batam of particular importance. The area served
by Pelindo I has a hinterland that is well developed with production of CPO,
rubber, oil and gas, agricultural output, mining, and some tourism. The total
port traffic for Pelindo I shows a significant trend between 2009 and 2013. For
container traffic, it shows a positive CAGR with 7.95% between 2009 and 2013
with 983,085 to 1,335,139 TEUs.
|
Pelindo
I
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
CAGR
|
|
Ship Traffic (call)
|
69,332
|
51,679
|
61,552
|
70,311
|
65,016
|
-1.59 %
|
|
Container Traffic (Call)
|
983,085
|
1,111,398
|
1,277,709
|
1,304,237
|
1,335,139
|
7.95 %
|
|
Passenger Traffic (pax)
|
4,712,393
|
5,019,908
|
5,460,493
|
5,307,949
|
5,345,594
|
3.20 %
|
The Belawan port is the leading port under the jurisdiction
of Pelindo I. It operates terminal services for dry bulk, liquid bulk,
stevedoring for container and cargo, and shipping services. The port also
operates a subsidiary under Pelindo that currently functions as the main
International and Domestic container terminal in Surabaya called the Belawan
International Container Terminal (BICT). BICT has accounted a CAGR of 11.6% of
its container throughput between 2009 and 2013 (581,210 to 900,395 TEUs).